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Alahazrat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi
Biography:
Birth:
- 14th June 1856 - 10th Shawwal 1272 AH
- Bareilly, India
- He was given the names 'Muhammad' and 'Ahmad Raza'
- His grandfather named him al-Mukhtar at birth because according to the Arabic numeric system, Abjad, this adds up to 1272, his year of birth.
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An amazing child:
- He finished the recitation of the Qur'an at 4 years old.
- He delivered a speech for 2 hours during a Milad al Nabi gathering when he was only 6.
- He wrote a commentary to a book of Arabic grammar in Arabic when he was just 8 years old.
- He wrote a commentary to a book of Fiqh when he was 10.
- At just 13 years and 10 months of age, he became an 'Alim and a Mufti.
Alahazrat:
- Alahazrat, meaning the 'Grand Master,' was a common title of respect in the 13th/14th century. Imam Ahmad Rida was called Alahazrat as he was a major force against innovators and the leader of Sunni scholars.
Family:
- His father, Mufti Naqi Ali Khan and grandfather, Mufti Rida Ali Khan, were both notable scholars in their eras.
- Alahazrat married in 1291. He had two sons and five daughters and both his sons Mawlānā Ĥāmid Ridā Khan and Mawlānā Muṣṭafā Ridā Khan were accomplished scholars.
Madh'hab and Tariqah:
- Imam Ahmed Ridā was the imām of Ĥanafīs; his knowledge of Ĥanafi fiqh and its principles was unparalleled in his time and remains unmatched even in our age.
- Alahazrat took the Qadiri path from Sayyid Aāl e Rasul al-Ahmadi Mārahrawi along with his father in the year 1295.
Famous Students:
The following are his most prominent students - and every one of them was an institution in himself:
- His eldest son, Mawlānā Ĥāmid Ridā Khan (d. 1362/1943)
- His second son, Mawlānā Muşṭafă Ridā Khān (d. 1402/1981)
- Mawlānā Amjad Álī Aážamī (d. 1367/1948)
- Mawlānā Sayyid Nayīmuddin Murādābādī (d. 1367/1948) 5. Mawlānā Sayyid Žafaruddīn Bihārī (d. 1382/1962)
- Mawlānā Sayyid Ahmed Ashraf Kichauchawi (d. 1343/1925) 7. Mawlānā Sayyid Dīdār Álī Alwārī (d. 1354/1935)
- Mawlānā Ahmed Mukhtar Şiddīqi Meeruti (d. 1357/1938)
- Mawlānā Sayyid Muhammad al-Kichauchawi (d.1383/1961)
- Mawlānā Ábdu'l Álīm Siddiqi Meeruti (d. 1374/1954)
- Mawlānā Abdu's Salām Jabalpūrī (d. 1372/1953)
- Mawlānā Ábdu'l Aĥad Pīlībhītī (d. 1348/1929)
- Mawlānā Diyāuddīn Aĥmed al-Madanī (d. 1401/1981)
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Habits and Characteristic Attitudes:
- Alahazrat was pious, virtuous and mindful of the sunnah right from his childhood. He spent his entire life studying, researching, writing and teaching Islām.
- Once, a man from Kathiawad arrived in the Masjid and found Alahazrat doing wudu from an earthen pot. He saluted Alahazrat and said: 'I have come to visit Ahmed Rida Khan. Where can I meet him?'
Alahazrat said: 'I am Ahmed Ridā.' The man said, 'I don't mean you; I have come to meet Alahazrat Imām Ahmed Ridā Khan.' This was because he did not wear imposing or expensive clothes.
- He did not spit or stretch his feet towards the Qiblah
- He always wore the turban for obligatory prayers which, he always prayed in the congregation in the Masjid.
- He would always keep his eyes lowered in accordance with the sunnah.
- He ate very little and his food was also ordinary
- He did not waste time and was always busy in writing or reading.
- He stayed indoors most of the time and came out only for obligatory prayers or to receive guests.
- He would sit in the courtyard after Áşr prayer until Maghrib - and this was also the time for common audience.
- He was obedient and respectful towards his parents and elders. After his father passed away and the inheritance was distributed, Alahazrat handed his entire share to his mother and allowed her to dispense it as she pleased. Only when he wanted to buy books, he would request her for a grant and purchase them only with her approval.
Generosity and Kindness:
- He would give away his clothes or things without hesitation and particularly when the poor or needy asked him.
- Alahazrat would give away everything and hardly saved anything. In spite of being well off, he was never left with an amount for a year upon which Zakāt would become obligatory and therefore he once said: “I have never paid a single paisa in Zakāt all my life".
Powerful Memory:
- He had a phenomenal memory - and no wonder he could pile up proofs upon proofs for his arguments.
- He memorised the entire Qur'an in one month.
- He read the two volume Úqud al-Durriyyah in one night and said: "At least for the next two or three months, I will be able to cite the text [from anywhere in the book] - and as far as the information is concerned, InSha'Allah, I will remember it the rest of my life."
- The book Al-Dawlatu'l Makkiyyah was written largely from memory.
Situation in the 19th century:
- Wahabis and Deobandis appeared and were working hard to stop Muslims loving RasulAllah sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam.
- They wrote books in which they insulted Allah ta'ala and the beloved Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam
- Insulting Allah ta'ala and the Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam is Kufr
- Whoever does not consider blasphemous statements to be kufr will become a Kafir
If someone insulted your parents:
- You would have hatred for him
- You would never have respect for him
- Even if he was your teacher, your best friend or anyone, you would never love someone who insulted your parents
- But, our Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam is more important than our parents
Iman is to love the Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam:
- We must love our dear Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam even more than we love our own parents.
- So, what if someone insulted the Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam?
- Should we have hatred for them?
- Are such people Muslims?
Islam needed a Saviour:
- Muslims needed someone to stand up to the Wahabis and Deobandis
- Muslims needed someone to teach them how to love and respect the Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam
- Muslims needed someone who would write books against every objection of the Wahabis and Deobandis
- Muslims needed a true leader
Why is he the Mujaddid?
- Thousands of scholars and muftis would write to Alahazrat seeking solutions for problems that they could not find in books and some issues which were entirely novel.
- If it were not for Alahazrat, the subcontinent would have become entirely Wahābī or Deobandi.
- He spent his entire life promoting the love of RasulAllah sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam.
- Anyone who was enemy of the Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam, Alahazrat challenged and silenced them.
His Love of the Prophet sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam:
- Everything he did or said was governed by the love of the Nabi sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam. He was drowned in this sublime love and to this day he is identified by it and InSha'Allah, he will be raised on Judgement day with his beloved sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam because on that day, a man shall be with those whom he loves.
- He did not hesitate to forsake and refute anyone who disrespected RasūlAllāh sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam and this is what he taught us.
His Knowledge and Works:
- Alahazrat was proficient in fifty-five branches of knowledge.
- He was the grandmaster of tafsir, fiqh, hadith, poetry and tasawwuf.
- He wrote approximately 1,000 books and booklets in defence of Ahlu's Sunnah.
- His fatawa have been collected in 33 oversized volumes titled Fatawa Ridawiyyah.
- His commentary on Radd al-Muhtar is in 5 volumes.
In the eyes of Scholars:
- All Sunni scholars who knew of Alahazrat considered him to be their Imam. Even scholars of Arabia praised him highly and considered him to be the Mujaddid.
- Shaykh Sayyid Alawi Maliki Makki says:
When someone from India comes to Makkah and we want to see if he is Sunni; we simply mention the name of Imam Ahmad Rida before him. If his face lights up with happiness, we know he is a Sunni and if he shows unhappiness at his mention, we know he is something else.
Demise:
- Alahazrat passed away on Friday, the 25th of Şafar 1340 - 28th October 1921
- He was unwell for some time prior to his demise. In spite of illness and frailty, he would still go to the masjid, carried on a chair for all the five prayers as he would pray in the jamāáh.
- May Allāh táālā be well pleased with him and elevate his ranks in paradise.
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